1 00:00:05,440 --> 00:00:07,040 [dramatic music] 2 00:00:07,160 --> 00:00:09,080 [Duchovny] Tonight on "Secrets Declassified"... 3 00:00:09,200 --> 00:00:12,200 government sites so surprising or dangerous 4 00:00:12,320 --> 00:00:14,200 that they're kept from the public-- 5 00:00:14,320 --> 00:00:18,000 from a luxury resort hiding a government doomsday bunker... 6 00:00:18,120 --> 00:00:21,200 - If a bomb drops on the golf course, 7 00:00:21,320 --> 00:00:24,600 anyone behind the blast doors would be okay. 8 00:00:24,720 --> 00:00:27,000 - To an explosive factory where every shift 9 00:00:27,120 --> 00:00:28,800 is life or death... 10 00:00:28,920 --> 00:00:30,960 [Martin] I can't imagine something more stressful 11 00:00:31,080 --> 00:00:35,680 than trying to disassemble a thermonuclear warhead. 12 00:00:35,800 --> 00:00:38,120 - And even a fake country in Virginia 13 00:00:38,240 --> 00:00:40,320 that's really a CIA training camp. 14 00:00:40,440 --> 00:00:44,480 - When you cross the border into this fake world, 15 00:00:44,600 --> 00:00:47,280 it's Disney World for adults. 16 00:00:47,400 --> 00:00:50,600 - These are the astonishing and sometimes terrible places 17 00:00:50,720 --> 00:00:53,320 built by governments and the people who work for them. 18 00:00:53,440 --> 00:00:55,160 It's time to bring them to light. 19 00:00:55,280 --> 00:01:02,280 ♪ ♪ 20 00:01:04,080 --> 00:01:06,000 In West Virginia, there's a luxury hotel 21 00:01:06,120 --> 00:01:07,400 for the rich and famous 22 00:01:07,520 --> 00:01:09,800 that boasts over 700 guest rooms, 23 00:01:09,920 --> 00:01:13,560 exclusive restaurants, an 18-hole golf course, 24 00:01:13,680 --> 00:01:18,360 and a secret underground bunker primed for Armageddon. 25 00:01:18,480 --> 00:01:22,120 ♪ ♪ 26 00:01:22,240 --> 00:01:26,120 [Hakeem] Nuclear anxiety is peaking in the 1950s... 27 00:01:26,480 --> 00:01:29,600 and the U.S. president is concerned 28 00:01:29,720 --> 00:01:31,800 about the safety of the government 29 00:01:31,920 --> 00:01:33,680 in the case of a nuclear attack. 30 00:01:33,800 --> 00:01:35,600 The government has commissioned 31 00:01:35,720 --> 00:01:37,200 these bomb-proof havens 32 00:01:37,320 --> 00:01:40,240 for the president and his cabinet. 33 00:01:40,360 --> 00:01:42,000 [Duchovny] Now they want a bunker 34 00:01:42,120 --> 00:01:43,600 for members of Congress-- 35 00:01:43,720 --> 00:01:45,200 somewhere big enough 36 00:01:45,320 --> 00:01:47,400 to house over 1,000 government officials 37 00:01:47,520 --> 00:01:49,960 and discreet enough to keep it secret. 38 00:01:50,080 --> 00:01:52,440 The answer-- a five-star hotel. 39 00:01:52,560 --> 00:01:55,200 [Hakeem] The Greenbrier is a luxury resort 40 00:01:55,320 --> 00:01:57,640 in White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia. 41 00:01:57,760 --> 00:02:01,360 This place is a slice of old-school luxury, 42 00:02:01,480 --> 00:02:04,560 where the rich and powerful come to do business and relax. 43 00:02:04,680 --> 00:02:06,280 You can find presidents or celebrities 44 00:02:06,400 --> 00:02:07,920 sipping drinks at the bar. 45 00:02:08,040 --> 00:02:10,080 [Duchovny] It sounds like the perfect place 46 00:02:10,200 --> 00:02:12,240 to see out World War III. 47 00:02:12,360 --> 00:02:13,840 - It's far enough from Washington, D.C., 48 00:02:13,960 --> 00:02:15,800 that hopefully it could escape the effects 49 00:02:15,920 --> 00:02:17,920 of a direct nuclear attack on the capital city 50 00:02:18,040 --> 00:02:19,400 but also close enough 51 00:02:19,520 --> 00:02:21,800 that people would be able to escape to it in time. 52 00:02:21,920 --> 00:02:23,600 [Duchovny] It's shielded by mountains 53 00:02:23,720 --> 00:02:25,280 for extra protection. 54 00:02:25,400 --> 00:02:28,200 - Perhaps what swings it, literally, 55 00:02:28,320 --> 00:02:30,720 is the hotel's golfing facilities. 56 00:02:30,840 --> 00:02:34,680 Eisenhower is a regular on the Greenbrier course. 57 00:02:34,800 --> 00:02:37,320 ♪ ♪ 58 00:02:37,440 --> 00:02:39,480 [Duchovny] The government discreetly approaches 59 00:02:39,600 --> 00:02:41,360 the hotel for their assistance, 60 00:02:41,480 --> 00:02:43,240 and the management at the Greenbrier 61 00:02:43,360 --> 00:02:45,120 are happy to oblige. 62 00:02:45,240 --> 00:02:48,760 The only problem is keeping it a secret. 63 00:02:48,880 --> 00:02:50,320 - An immense construction project 64 00:02:50,440 --> 00:02:51,680 on the grounds of the Greenbrier 65 00:02:51,800 --> 00:02:54,880 is sure to get the VIP guests gossiping. 66 00:02:55,000 --> 00:02:57,320 So the bunker needs a cover story. 67 00:02:57,440 --> 00:02:59,760 [Duchovny] The Greenbrier gets a brand-new extension-- 68 00:02:59,880 --> 00:03:02,280 the West Virginia Wing. 69 00:03:02,400 --> 00:03:04,000 Underneath... 70 00:03:04,120 --> 00:03:07,080 a vast doomsday bunker unlike any other 71 00:03:07,200 --> 00:03:08,880 begins to take shape. 72 00:03:09,000 --> 00:03:10,280 [Hakeem] The bunker underneath 73 00:03:10,400 --> 00:03:11,640 the Greenbrier Hotel 74 00:03:11,760 --> 00:03:14,000 hosts 153 rooms 75 00:03:14,120 --> 00:03:17,360 spread out over 112,000 square feet. 76 00:03:17,480 --> 00:03:18,880 There are two chambers 77 00:03:19,000 --> 00:03:20,200 for the House and the Senate, 78 00:03:20,320 --> 00:03:21,560 and there is this vast hall 79 00:03:21,680 --> 00:03:23,160 for joint sessions. 80 00:03:23,280 --> 00:03:26,080 It's essentially a giant underground capitol 81 00:03:26,200 --> 00:03:28,200 for the government to continue functioning 82 00:03:28,320 --> 00:03:30,000 in the event of a nuclear war. 83 00:03:30,120 --> 00:03:33,160 - Beyond these chambers are the facilities you'd expect 84 00:03:33,280 --> 00:03:35,520 in a top-of-the-range government survival bunker-- 85 00:03:35,640 --> 00:03:38,240 high-pressure shower to rinse off nuclear fallout, 86 00:03:38,360 --> 00:03:41,240 over 1,000 beds for congressmen and women, 87 00:03:41,360 --> 00:03:43,200 a hospital, a cafeteria, 88 00:03:43,320 --> 00:03:47,200 and a small arsenal of handguns. 89 00:03:47,320 --> 00:03:49,400 [Duchovny] Perhaps the most impressive features 90 00:03:49,520 --> 00:03:54,040 are two enormous blast doors to seal Congress inside. 91 00:03:54,160 --> 00:03:58,520 - Each door is 19 inches thick, weighs 28 tons, 92 00:03:58,640 --> 00:04:02,240 and they're strong enough to withstand a nuclear blast 93 00:04:02,360 --> 00:04:04,600 from only 2,000 feet away. 94 00:04:04,720 --> 00:04:06,000 - If a bomb drops 95 00:04:06,120 --> 00:04:08,080 on the eighth hole of the golf course, 96 00:04:08,200 --> 00:04:10,920 anyone behind the blast doors will be okay. 97 00:04:11,040 --> 00:04:14,160 - And these doors are hidden behind a false wall 98 00:04:14,280 --> 00:04:17,000 in the exhibition hall just inches away 99 00:04:17,120 --> 00:04:19,160 from where guests are mingling. 100 00:04:19,280 --> 00:04:22,840 - For 30 years, the false wall stands firm, 101 00:04:22,960 --> 00:04:25,000 and the bunker remains secret... 102 00:04:25,120 --> 00:04:29,760 until 1992, when rumors finally begin to leak out. 103 00:04:29,880 --> 00:04:31,640 ♪ ♪ 104 00:04:31,760 --> 00:04:34,200 [Jesse] Ted Gup is a investigative reporter 105 00:04:34,320 --> 00:04:35,800 for "The Washington Post," 106 00:04:35,920 --> 00:04:39,000 and an anonymous source tips him off 107 00:04:39,120 --> 00:04:41,000 that the Greenbrier resort 108 00:04:41,120 --> 00:04:44,240 might not be all that it seems. 109 00:04:44,360 --> 00:04:46,320 [Duchovny] Gup speaks to former employees, 110 00:04:46,440 --> 00:04:48,000 who confirm that something mysterious 111 00:04:48,120 --> 00:04:50,880 is hidden beneath the West Virginia Wing. 112 00:04:51,000 --> 00:04:53,400 But for a genuine scoop, 113 00:04:53,520 --> 00:04:56,080 Gup needs hard evidence. 114 00:04:56,200 --> 00:04:58,480 - So he decides to go stay at the Greenbrier himself 115 00:04:58,600 --> 00:05:02,600 to see if he can get that final bit of proof. 116 00:05:02,720 --> 00:05:04,480 [O'Keefe] When Gup meets the manager, 117 00:05:04,600 --> 00:05:07,400 he goes straight to the point. 118 00:05:07,520 --> 00:05:10,200 He asks, "Is there a government nuclear fallout shelter 119 00:05:10,320 --> 00:05:11,520 under the hotel?" 120 00:05:11,640 --> 00:05:13,920 Well, the manager immediately denies this. 121 00:05:14,040 --> 00:05:16,880 ♪ ♪ 122 00:05:17,000 --> 00:05:19,600 [Duchovny] Gup doesn't get the answers he's hoping for, 123 00:05:19,720 --> 00:05:22,200 but he's determined not to leave the Greenbrier 124 00:05:22,320 --> 00:05:24,440 without his story. 125 00:05:24,560 --> 00:05:27,200 - Gup visits the office of a maintenance company 126 00:05:27,320 --> 00:05:29,200 called Forsyth Associates, 127 00:05:29,320 --> 00:05:30,800 who are supposedly in charge 128 00:05:30,920 --> 00:05:33,000 of maintaining the Greenbrier TVs. 129 00:05:33,120 --> 00:05:36,800 When he gets to the offices, he sees something strange. 130 00:05:36,920 --> 00:05:39,520 [Hakeem] He sees a wall covered with books 131 00:05:39,640 --> 00:05:43,280 on nuclear war and Armageddon. 132 00:05:43,400 --> 00:05:45,960 You don't need that if you're building TV antennas. 133 00:05:46,080 --> 00:05:47,800 - When he digs deeper, he finds out 134 00:05:47,920 --> 00:05:50,760 that many of the people who work at Forsyth Associates 135 00:05:50,880 --> 00:05:53,800 are former U.S. military cryptographers 136 00:05:53,920 --> 00:05:55,480 and radio specialists. 137 00:05:55,600 --> 00:05:58,840 - Turns out, Forsyth Associates is just a front company. 138 00:05:58,960 --> 00:06:01,600 Their real job is maintaining the communications 139 00:06:01,720 --> 00:06:03,640 for the bunker. 140 00:06:03,760 --> 00:06:05,200 [Duchovny] "The Washington Post" 141 00:06:05,320 --> 00:06:08,920 runs Gup's story on May 31, 1992. 142 00:06:09,040 --> 00:06:11,800 ♪ ♪ 143 00:06:11,920 --> 00:06:15,520 And the Greenbrier's secret is finally unearthed. 144 00:06:15,640 --> 00:06:17,800 Within days, the government goes public 145 00:06:17,920 --> 00:06:20,400 about the Greenbrier bunker... 146 00:06:20,520 --> 00:06:23,680 and announces its deactivation. 147 00:06:23,800 --> 00:06:26,400 - Today the bunker is a tourist attraction. 148 00:06:26,520 --> 00:06:28,080 For about $50, 149 00:06:28,200 --> 00:06:31,200 you can go tour the halls where the American government 150 00:06:31,320 --> 00:06:33,880 might have been reborn after Armageddon. 151 00:06:34,000 --> 00:06:35,400 ♪ ♪ 152 00:06:35,520 --> 00:06:37,800 - A luxury hotel might be the perfect place 153 00:06:37,920 --> 00:06:39,680 to hide a government bunker, 154 00:06:39,800 --> 00:06:44,240 but in the 1950s, the CIA has to hide something much bigger-- 155 00:06:44,360 --> 00:06:46,600 a vast college campus set up 156 00:06:46,720 --> 00:06:50,160 to train the next generation of super spies. 157 00:06:50,280 --> 00:06:54,960 ♪ ♪ 158 00:06:55,080 --> 00:06:56,600 [Sami] At the dawn of the Cold War, 159 00:06:56,720 --> 00:06:59,200 the CIA realizes that this is a conflict 160 00:06:59,320 --> 00:07:00,800 that's not going to be fought 161 00:07:00,920 --> 00:07:03,600 by traditional soldiers with bullets and bombs 162 00:07:03,720 --> 00:07:06,080 but by covert agents stealing secrets 163 00:07:06,200 --> 00:07:07,800 from under the enemy's nose. 164 00:07:07,920 --> 00:07:09,960 When it comes to training spies, though, 165 00:07:10,080 --> 00:07:12,200 the Americans are on their back foot 166 00:07:12,320 --> 00:07:14,200 compared to their rivals at the KGB. 167 00:07:14,320 --> 00:07:17,600 [Andrew] The KGB has a decades-old infrastructure 168 00:07:17,720 --> 00:07:19,280 for training spies, 169 00:07:19,400 --> 00:07:21,600 and CIA is relatively new to the game. 170 00:07:21,720 --> 00:07:23,800 So they realize that if they're going to keep up 171 00:07:23,920 --> 00:07:27,040 with their KGB counterparts, they have to step up big. 172 00:07:27,160 --> 00:07:29,600 [Hakeem] The spy-craft skills that could save your life 173 00:07:29,720 --> 00:07:33,120 and maybe even your country isn't something that's taught 174 00:07:33,240 --> 00:07:34,920 in any college or university. 175 00:07:35,040 --> 00:07:37,800 The CIA brass realize that their agents 176 00:07:37,920 --> 00:07:40,480 need training to prepare them for the real world-- 177 00:07:40,600 --> 00:07:43,080 what they're gonna face out there in the field. 178 00:07:43,200 --> 00:07:45,200 So, in secret, they set up 179 00:07:45,320 --> 00:07:48,640 a new espionage university. 180 00:07:48,760 --> 00:07:50,800 [Duchovny] The first step is finding the right place 181 00:07:50,920 --> 00:07:52,240 for a campus. 182 00:07:52,360 --> 00:07:54,000 - They need a very large place, 183 00:07:54,120 --> 00:07:56,400 someplace secluded, someplace cut off, 184 00:07:56,520 --> 00:07:59,280 but someplace large enough with infrastructure enough 185 00:07:59,400 --> 00:08:02,920 to simulate the activities of a normal city. 186 00:08:03,040 --> 00:08:04,520 [Duchovny] They find it 187 00:08:04,640 --> 00:08:07,560 at a former naval base called Camp Peary. 188 00:08:07,680 --> 00:08:09,600 - It stretches for 9,000 acres-- 189 00:08:09,720 --> 00:08:11,960 more than half the size of Manhattan. 190 00:08:12,080 --> 00:08:13,320 ♪ ♪ 191 00:08:13,440 --> 00:08:15,000 [Sami] To the outside world, 192 00:08:15,120 --> 00:08:17,600 Camp Peary remains a regular naval base. 193 00:08:17,720 --> 00:08:20,800 But behind its fences, the site is transformed 194 00:08:20,920 --> 00:08:24,160 into an elite proving ground for spies. 195 00:08:24,280 --> 00:08:27,080 - Trainees refer to it as "The Farm." 196 00:08:27,200 --> 00:08:30,480 And generations of spies are secretly schooled here, 197 00:08:30,600 --> 00:08:32,760 right up to the present day. 198 00:08:32,880 --> 00:08:34,400 ♪ ♪ 199 00:08:34,520 --> 00:08:36,160 Training begins 200 00:08:36,280 --> 00:08:38,800 when students leave CIA Headquarters in Langley 201 00:08:38,920 --> 00:08:40,960 on a blacked-out bus. 202 00:08:41,080 --> 00:08:42,680 - The men and women chosen for this 203 00:08:42,800 --> 00:08:44,080 are among the most elite. 204 00:08:44,200 --> 00:08:46,400 They've gone through rigorous testing-- 205 00:08:46,520 --> 00:08:48,240 psychological testing, physical testing-- 206 00:08:48,360 --> 00:08:51,680 to prove that they are truly the best of the best. 207 00:08:51,800 --> 00:08:54,800 [Hakeem] When a CIA trainee arrives at The Farm, 208 00:08:54,920 --> 00:08:57,160 they leave their real identity at the door. 209 00:08:57,280 --> 00:08:59,000 They're given a new cover story 210 00:08:59,120 --> 00:09:02,000 that they must maintain throughout the training. 211 00:09:02,120 --> 00:09:04,200 [Andrew] They are leaving the real world 212 00:09:04,320 --> 00:09:06,400 to go into a fake world, 213 00:09:06,520 --> 00:09:08,760 a fake microstate 214 00:09:08,880 --> 00:09:11,000 that simulates life in a foreign country. 215 00:09:11,120 --> 00:09:13,520 And it's in this simulated country 216 00:09:13,640 --> 00:09:16,000 that their undercover training begins. 217 00:09:16,120 --> 00:09:20,920 - The whole location of the Farm is one giant set. 218 00:09:21,040 --> 00:09:23,680 There's a town square, 219 00:09:23,800 --> 00:09:25,400 a shady downtown neighborhood, 220 00:09:25,520 --> 00:09:27,720 suburbs, and then the countryside. 221 00:09:27,840 --> 00:09:29,240 Everyone on the site, 222 00:09:29,360 --> 00:09:31,720 from visiting diplomats to the local café owner, 223 00:09:31,840 --> 00:09:34,840 is a veteran CIA operative playing a role. 224 00:09:34,960 --> 00:09:37,560 There's even a cable news channel 225 00:09:37,680 --> 00:09:40,560 reporting on the region's fictional politics. 226 00:09:40,680 --> 00:09:44,040 - The Farm really is Disney World for adults. 227 00:09:44,160 --> 00:09:45,720 [thunder rumbles] 228 00:09:45,840 --> 00:09:47,200 [Duchovny] In this college, 229 00:09:47,320 --> 00:09:49,400 lessons aren't learned in the classroom 230 00:09:49,520 --> 00:09:52,000 but on the streets of its fake town. 231 00:09:52,120 --> 00:09:53,800 - The foundation of undercover work 232 00:09:53,920 --> 00:09:55,840 is being able to recruit and handle 233 00:09:55,960 --> 00:09:57,480 foreign intelligence sources. 234 00:09:57,600 --> 00:09:59,960 You're looking for people who have access to secrets. 235 00:10:00,080 --> 00:10:01,560 ♪ ♪ 236 00:10:01,680 --> 00:10:04,400 - The whole time, they're playing cat and mouse 237 00:10:04,520 --> 00:10:06,840 with their rivals and enemies-- 238 00:10:06,960 --> 00:10:08,640 other students and operatives 239 00:10:08,760 --> 00:10:11,000 who are trying to catch them out. 240 00:10:11,120 --> 00:10:12,680 [Duchovny] Outfoxing the enemy 241 00:10:12,800 --> 00:10:15,080 calls for some of the more advanced maneuvers 242 00:10:15,200 --> 00:10:17,640 that a wannabe James Bond must learn. 243 00:10:17,760 --> 00:10:20,760 - You're trained how to flip a car during a car chase, 244 00:10:20,880 --> 00:10:22,840 how to get in a firefight 245 00:10:22,960 --> 00:10:25,880 and not shoot unarmed, innocent civilians, 246 00:10:26,000 --> 00:10:27,520 how to parachute out of aircraft 247 00:10:27,640 --> 00:10:30,600 and survive in the woods on, you know, no food. 248 00:10:30,720 --> 00:10:32,400 You learn all the kind of things 249 00:10:32,520 --> 00:10:34,760 that you would see in a spy movie. 250 00:10:34,880 --> 00:10:37,000 [Duchovny] The new recruits are pushed 251 00:10:37,120 --> 00:10:38,920 to the edge of their wits. 252 00:10:39,040 --> 00:10:40,800 - After six months 253 00:10:40,920 --> 00:10:43,200 of intense blood, sweat, 254 00:10:43,320 --> 00:10:45,880 tears, stress, strain, anxiety, 255 00:10:46,000 --> 00:10:48,600 this siren blares out... [siren blaring] 256 00:10:48,720 --> 00:10:51,960 And signals that the simulation is over, 257 00:10:52,080 --> 00:10:55,600 and any trainees that are left have made the cut. 258 00:10:55,720 --> 00:10:58,000 [Duchovny] The government has never officially admitted 259 00:10:58,120 --> 00:10:59,640 it exists at all. 260 00:10:59,760 --> 00:11:02,200 Graduates of the Farm rarely go on the record 261 00:11:02,320 --> 00:11:04,200 about their experience... 262 00:11:04,320 --> 00:11:05,880 until 2019. 263 00:11:06,000 --> 00:11:08,600 - Former CIA intelligence officer Amaryllis Fox 264 00:11:08,720 --> 00:11:10,880 actually wrote about all of her experiences 265 00:11:11,000 --> 00:11:13,160 at the Farm in her book, "Life Undercover." 266 00:11:13,280 --> 00:11:14,920 ♪ ♪ 267 00:11:15,040 --> 00:11:17,160 The Farm is truly a journey 268 00:11:17,280 --> 00:11:20,000 that's inspiring and pleasurable, 269 00:11:20,120 --> 00:11:23,040 more than it is something that's scary and terrifying. 270 00:11:23,160 --> 00:11:24,800 The scary and terrifying part 271 00:11:24,920 --> 00:11:27,360 is when you have to use those skills in the real world. 272 00:11:32,840 --> 00:11:34,160 - As the Blitz hits London, 273 00:11:34,280 --> 00:11:36,280 Winston Churchill needs a bomb-proof shelter 274 00:11:36,400 --> 00:11:38,320 where he can lead his troops in secret. 275 00:11:38,440 --> 00:11:40,800 It's got 70 rooms, 500 staff, 276 00:11:40,920 --> 00:11:42,960 and the strangest thing about it-- 277 00:11:43,080 --> 00:11:47,120 a private line to the president inside his restroom. 278 00:11:47,240 --> 00:11:50,720 [dramatic music] 279 00:11:50,840 --> 00:11:55,040 - By 1938, British government know that war with Germany 280 00:11:55,160 --> 00:11:56,480 is on the horizon. 281 00:11:56,600 --> 00:11:58,160 And this war is going to be 282 00:11:58,280 --> 00:12:00,200 unlike anything in human history. 283 00:12:00,320 --> 00:12:02,880 For starters, the Germans have the aerial capability 284 00:12:03,000 --> 00:12:06,240 to rain bombs over Britain's towns and cities 285 00:12:06,360 --> 00:12:08,440 on an apocalyptic scale. 286 00:12:08,560 --> 00:12:11,080 [Duchovny] To stand any chance of winning the war, 287 00:12:11,200 --> 00:12:13,840 the British government needs an emergency hideout, 288 00:12:13,960 --> 00:12:17,400 and the safest place is underground. 289 00:12:17,520 --> 00:12:19,800 [James] Halfway between the prime minister's residence 290 00:12:19,920 --> 00:12:21,960 in Downing Street and the British Parliament 291 00:12:22,080 --> 00:12:23,840 sits the Treasury. 292 00:12:23,960 --> 00:12:27,080 Here, they have a vast basement ten feet below the ground, 293 00:12:27,200 --> 00:12:29,160 which is used to store thousands 294 00:12:29,280 --> 00:12:31,280 of Treasury documents. 295 00:12:31,400 --> 00:12:34,080 [Duchovny] A top secret makeover begins. 296 00:12:34,200 --> 00:12:36,360 - This underground space beneath the Treasury 297 00:12:36,480 --> 00:12:39,960 is divided into 70 hyper-secure rooms. 298 00:12:40,080 --> 00:12:43,200 Now, this included everything from the cabinet office, 299 00:12:43,320 --> 00:12:46,520 offices for secretaries and switchboard operators, 300 00:12:46,640 --> 00:12:50,760 and a dedicated bedroom for the prime minister himself. 301 00:12:50,880 --> 00:12:53,760 [Duchovny] The war rooms are kept on standby for a year... 302 00:12:53,880 --> 00:12:55,800 [air raid siren blaring] 303 00:12:55,920 --> 00:12:57,960 Until London comes under attack 304 00:12:58,080 --> 00:13:01,520 and Winston Churchill takes his cabinet underground. 305 00:13:01,640 --> 00:13:04,280 ♪ ♪ 306 00:13:04,400 --> 00:13:06,360 - On September 7, 1940, 307 00:13:06,480 --> 00:13:09,800 the Luftwaffe drop 1,000 bombs over the capital... 308 00:13:09,920 --> 00:13:11,720 ♪ ♪ 309 00:13:11,840 --> 00:13:16,480 Killing 430 civilians and injuring 1,600 people. 310 00:13:16,600 --> 00:13:18,360 It's called Black Saturday. 311 00:13:18,480 --> 00:13:20,240 ♪ ♪ 312 00:13:20,360 --> 00:13:22,960 Black Saturday is only the beginning. 313 00:13:23,080 --> 00:13:26,360 57 consecutive days of attacks followed, 314 00:13:26,480 --> 00:13:28,960 testing the resilience of both London 315 00:13:29,080 --> 00:13:31,640 and its leadership as never before. 316 00:13:31,760 --> 00:13:33,080 ♪ ♪ 317 00:13:33,200 --> 00:13:34,760 [Duchovny] Despite the hammerings, 318 00:13:34,880 --> 00:13:37,320 the war rooms and Churchill survive. 319 00:13:37,440 --> 00:13:41,040 So the Germans turn up the heat. 320 00:13:41,160 --> 00:13:44,600 - By late 1940, the Germans are using parachute mines. 321 00:13:44,720 --> 00:13:47,400 And these weapons descend under an open parachute, 322 00:13:47,520 --> 00:13:48,800 and they're fused such 323 00:13:48,920 --> 00:13:50,880 that they will explode at rooftop level, 324 00:13:51,000 --> 00:13:53,160 and they'll create a pattern of destruction 325 00:13:53,280 --> 00:13:55,160 that's 300 feet in diameter. 326 00:13:55,280 --> 00:13:57,240 They can flatten an entire city block. 327 00:13:57,360 --> 00:13:59,920 If a weapon like this were to explode 328 00:14:00,040 --> 00:14:01,840 over the cabinet war rooms, 329 00:14:01,960 --> 00:14:03,960 it could bury the prime minister 330 00:14:04,080 --> 00:14:06,160 and the entire war cabinet in one shot. 331 00:14:06,280 --> 00:14:09,200 That's a risk that simply cannot be taken. 332 00:14:09,320 --> 00:14:11,760 [Duchovny] The underground compound is reinforced 333 00:14:11,880 --> 00:14:13,760 with a massive concrete roof, 334 00:14:13,880 --> 00:14:16,800 referred to as "The Slab." 335 00:14:16,920 --> 00:14:19,160 - That means that the cabinet war rooms 336 00:14:19,280 --> 00:14:22,200 can sustain a direct hit from a 500-pound bomb. 337 00:14:22,320 --> 00:14:23,760 [Sami] During the renovation, 338 00:14:23,880 --> 00:14:25,560 Churchill requests the expansion 339 00:14:25,680 --> 00:14:26,960 of the complex itself. 340 00:14:27,080 --> 00:14:28,760 It triples in size, 341 00:14:28,880 --> 00:14:31,560 making room for 500 personnel 342 00:14:31,680 --> 00:14:34,440 working underground 24-7. 343 00:14:34,560 --> 00:14:36,760 [Duchovny] Such a bustling underground workspace brings 344 00:14:36,880 --> 00:14:39,320 one particular problem... [telephone rings] 345 00:14:39,440 --> 00:14:42,560 That Churchill hates above all others. 346 00:14:42,680 --> 00:14:45,640 - Churchill is notoriously sensitive 347 00:14:45,760 --> 00:14:47,240 to excess noise. 348 00:14:47,360 --> 00:14:49,760 So 500 people working in a busy, claustrophobic, 349 00:14:49,880 --> 00:14:51,600 and echoey underground environment 350 00:14:51,720 --> 00:14:53,160 can cause quite a ruckus. 351 00:14:53,280 --> 00:14:54,560 - To make the boss happy, 352 00:14:54,680 --> 00:14:56,320 several things are put in place. 353 00:14:56,440 --> 00:14:59,960 One of them is phones that don't ring 354 00:15:00,080 --> 00:15:03,120 but instead light up whenever someone is calling. 355 00:15:03,240 --> 00:15:05,440 They also import noiseless typewriters 356 00:15:05,560 --> 00:15:06,920 from the United States 357 00:15:07,040 --> 00:15:10,000 to mitigate all the noise that will be created 358 00:15:10,120 --> 00:15:12,920 inside this underground bunker. 359 00:15:13,040 --> 00:15:15,160 - The expansion of the cabinet war rooms 360 00:15:15,280 --> 00:15:16,760 brings a new problem. 361 00:15:16,880 --> 00:15:18,960 With so many people coming in and out, 362 00:15:19,080 --> 00:15:20,760 Churchill fears classified talks 363 00:15:20,880 --> 00:15:23,080 with the U.S. president may be compromised 364 00:15:23,200 --> 00:15:25,520 by spies working for the other side. 365 00:15:25,640 --> 00:15:28,800 [Sami] He needs a secure line of communication 366 00:15:28,920 --> 00:15:31,040 with Franklin D. Roosevelt, so he figures, 367 00:15:31,160 --> 00:15:34,560 where's the one place I'm not gonna be interrupted 368 00:15:34,680 --> 00:15:36,640 or eavesdropped on? 369 00:15:36,760 --> 00:15:38,400 The bathroom. 370 00:15:38,520 --> 00:15:40,960 Churchill has a new private toilet installed 371 00:15:41,080 --> 00:15:42,360 for his personal use, 372 00:15:42,480 --> 00:15:44,560 and inside is actually a phone 373 00:15:44,680 --> 00:15:46,960 that connects to an encrypted line 374 00:15:47,080 --> 00:15:48,960 direct to the Pentagon in Washington. 375 00:15:49,080 --> 00:15:50,720 So any spy will just assume 376 00:15:50,840 --> 00:15:52,600 that the prime minister is taking a bathroom break, 377 00:15:52,720 --> 00:15:54,320 when, in reality, 378 00:15:54,440 --> 00:15:56,640 he's actually masterminding victory. 379 00:15:56,760 --> 00:15:58,560 It kind of goes back to the old adage of, 380 00:15:58,680 --> 00:16:00,720 your best ideas happen when you're on the toilet. 381 00:16:00,840 --> 00:16:03,120 Perfect example. 382 00:16:03,240 --> 00:16:05,480 [Duchovny] The cabinet war rooms remain the beating heart 383 00:16:05,600 --> 00:16:08,960 of Britain's war effort for almost six years. 384 00:16:09,080 --> 00:16:12,200 Then two days after Japan's surrender, 385 00:16:12,320 --> 00:16:15,840 on August 16, 1945, 386 00:16:15,960 --> 00:16:20,720 the war rooms and its secrets are locked for good. 387 00:16:20,840 --> 00:16:23,160 For 40 years, it lays beneath London, 388 00:16:23,280 --> 00:16:26,160 untouched and forgotten. 389 00:16:26,280 --> 00:16:28,040 Then in 1984... 390 00:16:28,160 --> 00:16:31,160 ♪ ♪ 391 00:16:31,280 --> 00:16:33,200 The bunker's secrets are finally revealed 392 00:16:33,320 --> 00:16:37,560 when the Imperial War Museum opens its doors to the public. 393 00:16:37,680 --> 00:16:39,360 ♪ ♪ 394 00:16:39,480 --> 00:16:42,080 - Everything is restored to its original state, 395 00:16:42,200 --> 00:16:46,160 frozen at the precise moment when the Allies won the war. 396 00:16:46,280 --> 00:16:47,760 ♪ ♪ 397 00:16:47,880 --> 00:16:49,440 [Duchovny] After World War II, 398 00:16:49,560 --> 00:16:51,760 the United States engages in a race 399 00:16:51,880 --> 00:16:55,240 to stockpile the largest arsenal of nuclear weapons. 400 00:16:55,360 --> 00:16:57,600 Building the most destructive warheads on Earth 401 00:16:57,720 --> 00:17:00,360 requires a new kind of top secret factory, 402 00:17:00,480 --> 00:17:04,160 a place so dangerous, it comes with a chilling fail-safe. 403 00:17:04,280 --> 00:17:07,520 One wrong move, and it self-destructs. 404 00:17:07,640 --> 00:17:11,400 ♪ ♪ 405 00:17:11,520 --> 00:17:13,160 - By the early 1950s, 406 00:17:13,280 --> 00:17:15,320 we're in the beginnings of the Cold War, 407 00:17:15,440 --> 00:17:18,760 and both the Americans and the Soviets have the bomb. 408 00:17:18,880 --> 00:17:21,760 So, in order to regain nuclear superiority, 409 00:17:21,880 --> 00:17:25,080 the U.S. goes all-in on maximizing production. 410 00:17:25,200 --> 00:17:27,840 The attitude from American military leaders is this-- 411 00:17:27,960 --> 00:17:31,320 if we can't have the only nuclear weapons, 412 00:17:31,440 --> 00:17:33,960 then we have to have the most. 413 00:17:34,080 --> 00:17:36,960 [Duchovny] A few hundred warheads won't cut it. 414 00:17:37,080 --> 00:17:39,680 The U.S. wants thousands. 415 00:17:39,800 --> 00:17:42,360 - You're creating these things in volume, 416 00:17:42,480 --> 00:17:45,600 in a factory packed full of volatile materials. 417 00:17:45,720 --> 00:17:48,480 One false move, and you'll have a nuclear fireball 418 00:17:48,600 --> 00:17:50,400 on home soil. 419 00:17:50,520 --> 00:17:52,000 [Duchovny] A site this hazardous 420 00:17:52,120 --> 00:17:55,240 needs to be remote, secure, and secret. 421 00:17:55,360 --> 00:17:57,560 - The Atomic Energy Commission, or the AEC, 422 00:17:57,680 --> 00:17:59,680 begins scouting for suitable sites. 423 00:17:59,800 --> 00:18:02,240 One facility that ticks all the boxes 424 00:18:02,360 --> 00:18:04,960 is an old World War II munitions plant 425 00:18:05,080 --> 00:18:08,160 in the Texas Panhandle, 25 miles from Amarillo. 426 00:18:08,280 --> 00:18:11,360 It's called Pantex. 427 00:18:11,480 --> 00:18:14,520 During the war, thousands of workers, mostly women, 428 00:18:14,640 --> 00:18:16,400 packed munitions and shells here, 429 00:18:16,520 --> 00:18:18,640 but now the factory is closed. 430 00:18:18,760 --> 00:18:20,160 ♪ ♪ 431 00:18:20,280 --> 00:18:22,760 [Duchovny] The AEC spends $25 million 432 00:18:22,880 --> 00:18:24,560 renovating the old factory, 433 00:18:24,680 --> 00:18:27,480 and in 1951, the U.S. has itself 434 00:18:27,600 --> 00:18:28,760 a brand-new 435 00:18:28,880 --> 00:18:31,280 nuclear-weapons facility. 436 00:18:31,400 --> 00:18:34,520 Workers at Pantex quietly and efficiently assemble 437 00:18:34,640 --> 00:18:37,360 the world's most lethal product-- 438 00:18:37,480 --> 00:18:40,640 while trying not to blow themselves up. 439 00:18:40,760 --> 00:18:42,360 - Workers assembling the warheads 440 00:18:42,480 --> 00:18:45,160 must perform what's called the mating process-- 441 00:18:45,280 --> 00:18:47,360 when the explosives and the nuclear materials 442 00:18:47,480 --> 00:18:50,160 are brought together inside the warhead. 443 00:18:50,280 --> 00:18:52,560 [Martin] If there's one accident... 444 00:18:52,680 --> 00:18:54,760 it's going to set off a chain reaction 445 00:18:54,880 --> 00:18:57,160 that will produce a nuclear explosion. 446 00:18:57,280 --> 00:18:59,160 - A single second of human error 447 00:18:59,280 --> 00:19:02,240 could wipe out a large portion of the Texas Panhandle. 448 00:19:02,360 --> 00:19:04,560 [Duchovny] To avoid this nightmare scenario, 449 00:19:04,680 --> 00:19:08,120 Pantex builds six new bunkers for assembling these warheads, 450 00:19:08,240 --> 00:19:10,680 called Gravel Gerties. 451 00:19:10,800 --> 00:19:12,360 [Hakeem] Each Gravel Gertie 452 00:19:12,480 --> 00:19:15,440 is a steel-reinforced concrete lab, 453 00:19:15,560 --> 00:19:17,240 where the technicians work, 454 00:19:17,360 --> 00:19:20,360 and above them is what amounts to a mountain of gravel 455 00:19:20,480 --> 00:19:22,520 held in place by steel cables. 456 00:19:22,640 --> 00:19:26,000 Inside the lab, three workers assemble the nuke. 457 00:19:26,120 --> 00:19:28,160 And this process is so sensitive 458 00:19:28,280 --> 00:19:29,960 that one of the worker's jobs 459 00:19:30,080 --> 00:19:33,800 is just to read the instructions step-by-step 460 00:19:33,920 --> 00:19:37,680 as the other two workers carry out their directions. 461 00:19:37,800 --> 00:19:40,760 [Duchovny] One false move from a tired technician, 462 00:19:40,880 --> 00:19:42,960 and the whole facility goes up. 463 00:19:43,080 --> 00:19:45,600 Hence, the merciless fail-safe. 464 00:19:45,720 --> 00:19:48,640 - If there's an accidental detonation, 465 00:19:48,760 --> 00:19:50,680 the explosion will snap 466 00:19:50,800 --> 00:19:52,960 the steel cables supporting the roof. 467 00:19:53,080 --> 00:19:55,160 The entire chamber is then buried 468 00:19:55,280 --> 00:19:58,240 under thousands of tons of gravel. 469 00:19:58,360 --> 00:20:01,040 The design traps the radioactive material, 470 00:20:01,160 --> 00:20:03,320 reducing fallout by 90%. 471 00:20:03,440 --> 00:20:06,160 However, it also entombs the three workers 472 00:20:06,280 --> 00:20:07,720 who triggered the explosion. 473 00:20:07,840 --> 00:20:10,360 It's a literal death trap. 474 00:20:10,480 --> 00:20:12,480 [Duchovny] The possibility that each shift 475 00:20:12,600 --> 00:20:14,080 could be their last 476 00:20:14,200 --> 00:20:17,480 hangs over the heads of the Pantex workforce. 477 00:20:17,600 --> 00:20:19,920 And yet production rates rocket. 478 00:20:20,040 --> 00:20:24,040 - Pantex is producing 2,000 nuclear warheads a year. 479 00:20:24,160 --> 00:20:28,040 The U.S. arsenal swells to 37,000. 480 00:20:28,160 --> 00:20:30,920 That's enough to destroy not only the Soviets 481 00:20:31,040 --> 00:20:35,080 but every civilization on the face of Earth. 482 00:20:35,200 --> 00:20:36,560 [Duchovny] For four decades, 483 00:20:36,680 --> 00:20:38,760 Pantex fuels the nuclear stockpile, 484 00:20:38,880 --> 00:20:42,480 until the end of the Cold War forces a sudden U-turn. 485 00:20:42,600 --> 00:20:44,320 The slowdown in missile production 486 00:20:44,440 --> 00:20:45,960 makes the world safer. 487 00:20:46,080 --> 00:20:48,160 But for workers at Pantex, 488 00:20:48,280 --> 00:20:51,440 the danger levels skyrocket. 489 00:20:51,560 --> 00:20:53,440 - Nuclear weapons that were manufactured, 490 00:20:53,560 --> 00:20:55,720 in some cases decades previously, 491 00:20:55,840 --> 00:20:57,920 have to come into a manufacturer 492 00:20:58,040 --> 00:20:59,480 for disassembly. 493 00:20:59,600 --> 00:21:02,080 I can't imagine something more stressful 494 00:21:02,200 --> 00:21:06,680 than trying to disassemble a thermonuclear warhead. 495 00:21:06,800 --> 00:21:09,000 - Nuclear weapons aren't designed to be disassembled, 496 00:21:09,120 --> 00:21:10,720 and some of these have been sitting around 497 00:21:10,840 --> 00:21:12,200 for up to 40 years. 498 00:21:12,320 --> 00:21:14,560 They've degraded, and some of their explosives 499 00:21:14,680 --> 00:21:16,800 are not as stable as they once were. 500 00:21:16,920 --> 00:21:18,760 - Now it's turned over to Pantex and go, 501 00:21:18,880 --> 00:21:20,480 here's the problem-- you solve it. 502 00:21:20,600 --> 00:21:23,800 You take it apart, and try not to have an explosion. 503 00:21:23,920 --> 00:21:25,920 ♪ ♪ 504 00:21:26,040 --> 00:21:27,720 [Duchovny] It's not just the nukes 505 00:21:27,840 --> 00:21:29,760 that are past their use-by date. 506 00:21:29,880 --> 00:21:32,560 [Martin] At this time, Pantex is over 50 years old, 507 00:21:32,680 --> 00:21:34,800 and it's in desperate need of an upgrade, 508 00:21:34,920 --> 00:21:37,960 but, instead, they're rushing to complete the materials. 509 00:21:38,080 --> 00:21:39,760 [Duchovny] The rush is so intense 510 00:21:39,880 --> 00:21:43,920 that in 1996, factory workers blow the whistle. 511 00:21:44,040 --> 00:21:45,560 ♪ ♪ 512 00:21:45,680 --> 00:21:47,200 [Hakeem] "The New York Times" 513 00:21:47,320 --> 00:21:49,920 publishes some astonishing and disturbing claims 514 00:21:50,040 --> 00:21:53,120 that at Pantex, the equipment is faulty, 515 00:21:53,240 --> 00:21:55,360 and safety measures are being ignored. 516 00:21:55,480 --> 00:21:57,520 ♪ ♪ 517 00:21:57,640 --> 00:21:59,160 [Duchovny] For the first time, 518 00:21:59,280 --> 00:22:01,360 the public is alerted to a nuclear threat 519 00:22:01,480 --> 00:22:03,160 on their own doorstep. 520 00:22:03,280 --> 00:22:05,720 ♪ ♪ 521 00:22:05,840 --> 00:22:08,640 The site is still in operation, 522 00:22:08,760 --> 00:22:11,040 with as many as 2,000 warheads 523 00:22:11,160 --> 00:22:13,600 still waiting to be disassembled. 524 00:22:13,720 --> 00:22:15,800 ♪ ♪ 525 00:22:19,960 --> 00:22:21,400 - If the Soviets sent assassins 526 00:22:21,520 --> 00:22:23,400 to try and kill you not once but 22 times, 527 00:22:23,520 --> 00:22:26,440 it makes sense to build a secret underground hideout. 528 00:22:26,560 --> 00:22:28,840 But that doesn't mean it can't be comfortable. 529 00:22:28,960 --> 00:22:31,200 This is the story of how one European dictator 530 00:22:31,320 --> 00:22:33,920 commissions his own private super bunker 531 00:22:34,040 --> 00:22:36,680 to the tune of $20 billion. 532 00:22:36,800 --> 00:22:39,960 [dramatic music] 533 00:22:40,080 --> 00:22:42,800 - After World War II, Yugoslavia is led 534 00:22:42,920 --> 00:22:46,800 by a socialist dictator by the name of Josip Broz. 535 00:22:46,920 --> 00:22:50,240 He is better known to the world as Tito. 536 00:22:50,360 --> 00:22:52,000 [Duchovny] Yugoslavia is independent 537 00:22:52,120 --> 00:22:54,920 from both Western Europe and the Soviet Union. 538 00:22:55,040 --> 00:22:56,960 But this comes at a cost. 539 00:22:57,080 --> 00:23:00,080 Stalin hates Tito and is out for blood. 540 00:23:00,200 --> 00:23:02,000 - The Soviet leadership has orchestrated 541 00:23:02,120 --> 00:23:04,600 over 22 assassination attempts on Tito, 542 00:23:04,720 --> 00:23:06,560 so he must be thinking, 543 00:23:06,680 --> 00:23:10,800 it's only a matter of time until his time runs out. 544 00:23:10,920 --> 00:23:12,440 [Duchovny] Tito believes 545 00:23:12,560 --> 00:23:14,520 a Soviet attack on Yugoslavia is imminent, 546 00:23:14,640 --> 00:23:17,120 which would trigger a global response. 547 00:23:17,240 --> 00:23:21,640 World War III could kick off in his backyard. 548 00:23:21,760 --> 00:23:24,000 - Tito begins to prepare for the worst, 549 00:23:24,120 --> 00:23:26,840 with a near-impossible solution. 550 00:23:26,960 --> 00:23:29,680 He decides to build an impenetrable retreat 551 00:23:29,800 --> 00:23:32,960 that has to be strong enough to withstand a nuclear blast 552 00:23:33,080 --> 00:23:35,960 but big enough to hold his entire government. 553 00:23:36,080 --> 00:23:38,560 [Duchovny] The only way to meet Tito's demands 554 00:23:38,680 --> 00:23:40,480 is to tunnel under a mountain. 555 00:23:40,600 --> 00:23:43,600 - Tito's engineers pick a site near the village of Konjic, 556 00:23:43,720 --> 00:23:45,600 and the reason is because it's remote 557 00:23:45,720 --> 00:23:47,000 and shielded by the mountains. 558 00:23:47,120 --> 00:23:49,000 Plus, its central location 559 00:23:49,120 --> 00:23:51,200 makes it pretty accessible for government ministers 560 00:23:51,320 --> 00:23:53,720 who are in a mad rush to take shelter. 561 00:23:53,840 --> 00:23:55,400 [Duchovny] The question is, 562 00:23:55,520 --> 00:23:57,800 how do you hollow out a mountain in secret? 563 00:23:57,920 --> 00:24:00,200 - To maintain total confidentiality, 564 00:24:00,320 --> 00:24:03,160 Tito enforces extraordinary security protocols. 565 00:24:03,280 --> 00:24:05,000 - He does not employ locals. 566 00:24:05,120 --> 00:24:07,200 Instead, he brings in construction workers 567 00:24:07,320 --> 00:24:08,880 from other parts of the country 568 00:24:09,000 --> 00:24:11,200 who won't be able to recognize the location. 569 00:24:11,320 --> 00:24:14,200 - As an extra measure, they travel in blindfolds 570 00:24:14,320 --> 00:24:17,520 or in blacked-out vehicles to the location. 571 00:24:17,640 --> 00:24:20,320 [Duchovny] The site is cordoned off from the public, 572 00:24:20,440 --> 00:24:23,080 and an immense tunneling project begins. 573 00:24:23,200 --> 00:24:26,120 ♪ ♪ 574 00:24:26,240 --> 00:24:27,840 - Workers are using explosives 575 00:24:27,960 --> 00:24:31,320 to slowly and methodically burrow within the mountain. 576 00:24:31,440 --> 00:24:33,800 It's brutal and dangerous work. 577 00:24:33,920 --> 00:24:36,200 In fact, later testimonies claim 578 00:24:36,320 --> 00:24:39,000 that barely a single shift passes 579 00:24:39,120 --> 00:24:41,200 without someone getting killed. 580 00:24:41,320 --> 00:24:44,600 [Duchovny] As the deaths stack up, so does the cost. 581 00:24:44,720 --> 00:24:46,120 Tito pours the equivalent 582 00:24:46,240 --> 00:24:49,000 of $20 billion into the tunnel, 583 00:24:49,120 --> 00:24:51,000 and meter by meter, 584 00:24:51,120 --> 00:24:53,400 his hidden fortress takes shape. 585 00:24:53,520 --> 00:24:56,000 - The entrance to Tito's bunker admits you 586 00:24:56,120 --> 00:24:59,480 to a horseshoe-shaped 200-meter-long tunnel 587 00:24:59,600 --> 00:25:02,040 that's carved into the mountain. 588 00:25:02,160 --> 00:25:04,600 It has 100 dormitories 589 00:25:04,720 --> 00:25:07,000 that are capable of housing 350 590 00:25:07,120 --> 00:25:10,400 of Yugoslavia's political and military elite. 591 00:25:10,520 --> 00:25:13,640 In every way, this facility is designed to provide 592 00:25:13,760 --> 00:25:15,200 for the continuity of government 593 00:25:15,320 --> 00:25:17,280 in the eventuality of a nuclear war. 594 00:25:17,400 --> 00:25:18,800 [Duchovny] The base is fitted out 595 00:25:18,920 --> 00:25:20,280 with the latest Cold War tech. 596 00:25:20,400 --> 00:25:22,600 - It contains five operational centers 597 00:25:22,720 --> 00:25:24,400 with a cryptography center 598 00:25:24,520 --> 00:25:27,240 and even a fully equipped hospital operating room. 599 00:25:27,360 --> 00:25:29,200 [Duchovny] The most iconic gadget 600 00:25:29,320 --> 00:25:31,240 is straight out of a spy movie-- 601 00:25:31,360 --> 00:25:34,000 the red telephone, which will ring 602 00:25:34,120 --> 00:25:36,480 when nuclear Armageddon kicks off. 603 00:25:36,600 --> 00:25:38,200 If that happens, 604 00:25:38,320 --> 00:25:40,400 Tito can sit out the end of the world 605 00:25:40,520 --> 00:25:42,280 in relative luxury. 606 00:25:42,400 --> 00:25:44,200 - The rest of the survivors will have to slum it, 607 00:25:44,320 --> 00:25:46,400 but Tito gets a private residence 608 00:25:46,520 --> 00:25:47,880 in the heart of the mountain. 609 00:25:48,000 --> 00:25:49,400 It consists of five rooms, 610 00:25:49,520 --> 00:25:51,240 including an office and a bedroom, 611 00:25:51,360 --> 00:25:54,200 with the bunker's only double bed. 612 00:25:54,320 --> 00:25:57,520 [Duchovny] The inside of the bunker is vast, 613 00:25:57,640 --> 00:26:00,000 but the entrance is hidden to the outside world 614 00:26:00,120 --> 00:26:01,440 by a stroke of genius. 615 00:26:01,560 --> 00:26:03,600 It's camouflaged behind the façade 616 00:26:03,720 --> 00:26:06,600 of three regular-looking houses. 617 00:26:06,720 --> 00:26:09,000 - Tito's impossible dream 618 00:26:09,120 --> 00:26:12,000 is finally completed in 1979-- 619 00:26:12,120 --> 00:26:14,520 26 years after construction began. 620 00:26:14,640 --> 00:26:18,000 [Duchovny] But Tito never gets to take the grand tour. 621 00:26:18,120 --> 00:26:20,200 He dies in 1980. 622 00:26:20,320 --> 00:26:22,600 The secret bunker is fully operational, 623 00:26:22,720 --> 00:26:25,800 and the Yugoslav government keeps it on standby. 624 00:26:25,920 --> 00:26:28,880 Then, 40 years after construction began, 625 00:26:29,000 --> 00:26:31,040 an incredible order is given-- 626 00:26:31,160 --> 00:26:33,200 to blow this thing apart. 627 00:26:33,320 --> 00:26:35,240 ♪ ♪ 628 00:26:35,360 --> 00:26:36,840 - In the early 1990s, 629 00:26:36,960 --> 00:26:39,240 Yugoslavia, as it used to be known, 630 00:26:39,360 --> 00:26:42,120 is torn apart as a result of a civil war. 631 00:26:42,240 --> 00:26:45,280 And Tito's bunker is right in the middle of the conflict. 632 00:26:45,400 --> 00:26:46,600 For the past 12 years, 633 00:26:46,720 --> 00:26:48,400 the bunker has been looked after 634 00:26:48,520 --> 00:26:50,800 by one of Tito's trusted servants-- 635 00:26:50,920 --> 00:26:53,680 Colonel Grabovica, who's now with the Serbian army. 636 00:26:53,800 --> 00:26:57,240 Bosnian troops are advancing toward the complex. 637 00:26:57,360 --> 00:26:59,720 Colonel Grabovica is given an order 638 00:26:59,840 --> 00:27:03,440 to demolish the entire facility with explosives. 639 00:27:03,560 --> 00:27:06,000 [Sami] This is an agonizing order, 640 00:27:06,120 --> 00:27:09,400 because Grabovica has spent 12 years 641 00:27:09,520 --> 00:27:11,120 taking care of this complex. 642 00:27:11,240 --> 00:27:13,000 When his unit plants the explosives 643 00:27:13,120 --> 00:27:14,640 and prepares to leave, 644 00:27:14,760 --> 00:27:16,400 he makes a decision 645 00:27:16,520 --> 00:27:19,280 that could cost him his life for treason. 646 00:27:19,400 --> 00:27:23,000 He quietly cuts the cables connected to the explosives, 647 00:27:23,120 --> 00:27:26,040 and he saves Tito's bunker. 648 00:27:26,160 --> 00:27:27,800 [Duchovny] The underground complex 649 00:27:27,920 --> 00:27:30,200 is taken by Bosnian troops, 650 00:27:30,320 --> 00:27:33,000 who retain it as a secret military installation 651 00:27:33,120 --> 00:27:35,880 until the end of the civil war. 652 00:27:36,000 --> 00:27:39,320 In 2011, it's finally decommissioned, 653 00:27:39,440 --> 00:27:41,000 and the government opens its doors 654 00:27:41,120 --> 00:27:43,480 as a museum and art space. 655 00:27:43,600 --> 00:27:46,200 Locals get to explore the secret labyrinth 656 00:27:46,320 --> 00:27:50,160 that's been hiding behind these houses for 60 years. 657 00:27:55,200 --> 00:27:56,960 - A quiet neighborhood in Germany 658 00:27:57,080 --> 00:28:00,520 is the last place you'd expect to find a sinister CIA program. 659 00:28:00,640 --> 00:28:04,880 It's a site that brings together Soviet spies, LSD, 660 00:28:05,000 --> 00:28:09,240 and a Nazi scientist intent on mastering mind control. 661 00:28:09,360 --> 00:28:12,880 [dramatic music] 662 00:28:13,000 --> 00:28:15,280 [Martin] During the early years of the Cold War, 663 00:28:15,400 --> 00:28:18,080 the CIA is more and more obsessed 664 00:28:18,200 --> 00:28:19,840 with interrogation techniques. 665 00:28:19,960 --> 00:28:21,920 They want to be able to manipulate the enemy 666 00:28:22,040 --> 00:28:23,480 who falls into our hands, 667 00:28:23,600 --> 00:28:25,880 and then they also want to figure out ways 668 00:28:26,000 --> 00:28:28,120 to reinforce the will 669 00:28:28,240 --> 00:28:30,400 of our personnel who might fall into enemy hands, 670 00:28:30,520 --> 00:28:31,880 reinforce their ability 671 00:28:32,000 --> 00:28:34,080 to resist interrogation techniques 672 00:28:34,200 --> 00:28:35,880 that the enemy might expose them to. 673 00:28:36,000 --> 00:28:38,280 The only way to figure out how best to serve 674 00:28:38,400 --> 00:28:39,920 both of those masters 675 00:28:40,040 --> 00:28:42,160 is to conduct psychological experiments. 676 00:28:42,280 --> 00:28:44,920 [Duchovny] The CIA sets up a top secret program 677 00:28:45,040 --> 00:28:47,120 to explore methods of mind control. 678 00:28:47,240 --> 00:28:50,800 It's called Project Bluebird. 679 00:28:50,920 --> 00:28:52,880 - These experiments can't be conducted 680 00:28:53,000 --> 00:28:54,880 in a regular laboratory, obviously. 681 00:28:55,000 --> 00:28:57,320 They have to be done in a classified environment-- 682 00:28:57,440 --> 00:28:58,800 a sort of black site 683 00:28:58,920 --> 00:29:00,880 that governments typically turn a blind eye to. 684 00:29:01,000 --> 00:29:04,680 [Duchovny] So Project Bluebird is taken out of the U.S., 685 00:29:04,800 --> 00:29:07,000 to battle-scarred West Germany. 686 00:29:07,120 --> 00:29:09,080 - At this time, part of Germany is still 687 00:29:09,200 --> 00:29:11,520 under American occupation after World War II, 688 00:29:11,640 --> 00:29:13,480 when the U.S. military have a site 689 00:29:13,600 --> 00:29:16,480 in a quiet town just north of Frankfurt. 690 00:29:16,600 --> 00:29:19,000 [Duchovny] It's called Camp King. 691 00:29:19,120 --> 00:29:20,960 - Camp King has been in use since World War II. 692 00:29:21,080 --> 00:29:22,680 It was used for imprisoning 693 00:29:22,800 --> 00:29:24,680 and interrogating Nazi leaders. 694 00:29:24,800 --> 00:29:27,200 [Sasha] Camp King has the perfect infrastructure 695 00:29:27,320 --> 00:29:29,960 for psychological experiments. 696 00:29:30,080 --> 00:29:33,400 It has secure cells, housing for staff, 697 00:29:33,520 --> 00:29:35,080 and even a hospital. 698 00:29:35,200 --> 00:29:37,280 [Duchovny] But its most vital asset-- 699 00:29:37,400 --> 00:29:39,080 absolute privacy. 700 00:29:39,200 --> 00:29:41,480 - The locals are used to seeing the Americans 701 00:29:41,600 --> 00:29:43,880 from Camp King around, and they don't ask questions 702 00:29:44,000 --> 00:29:45,880 about what they're doing inside. 703 00:29:46,000 --> 00:29:48,400 [Duchovny] The project needs a lead scientist, 704 00:29:48,520 --> 00:29:50,880 someone willing to turn a blind eye 705 00:29:51,000 --> 00:29:53,120 to medical ethics. 706 00:29:53,240 --> 00:29:55,600 - It turns out that the chief medical doctor at Camp King 707 00:29:55,720 --> 00:29:57,400 has quite the résumé. 708 00:29:57,520 --> 00:30:00,920 Dr. Walter Schreiber is the former surgeon general 709 00:30:01,040 --> 00:30:02,320 of the German army. 710 00:30:02,440 --> 00:30:04,480 - Walter Schreiber oversaw 711 00:30:04,600 --> 00:30:06,520 horrific medical experiments 712 00:30:06,640 --> 00:30:08,280 at Dachau and Auschwitz. 713 00:30:08,400 --> 00:30:09,760 Under his watch, 714 00:30:09,880 --> 00:30:13,120 concentration camp prisoners are frozen, 715 00:30:13,240 --> 00:30:15,480 injected with hallucinogens, 716 00:30:15,600 --> 00:30:18,960 and even dissected to track gangrene-- 717 00:30:19,080 --> 00:30:22,960 experiments that end in slow and painful death. 718 00:30:23,080 --> 00:30:24,880 [Duchovny] Schreiber was picked up 719 00:30:25,000 --> 00:30:28,320 by U.S. military intelligence after the war. 720 00:30:28,440 --> 00:30:31,920 Now his skills are put to use on Project Bluebird, 721 00:30:32,040 --> 00:30:36,000 running Camp King's experiments in mind control. 722 00:30:36,120 --> 00:30:38,280 - This includes hallucinogenic drugs. 723 00:30:38,400 --> 00:30:40,000 It includes hypnosis. 724 00:30:40,120 --> 00:30:44,080 The idea is to break the prisoner from his own mind 725 00:30:44,200 --> 00:30:46,520 and do what the CIA wants. 726 00:30:46,640 --> 00:30:49,360 [Duchovny] The secure facility has a ready supply 727 00:30:49,480 --> 00:30:51,000 of test subjects. 728 00:30:51,120 --> 00:30:54,400 - Its current inmates are Soviet defectors, 729 00:30:54,520 --> 00:30:56,560 spies, and refugees-- 730 00:30:56,680 --> 00:30:59,840 people who could be considered expendable. 731 00:30:59,960 --> 00:31:02,640 They could be treated inhumanely 732 00:31:02,760 --> 00:31:06,120 or die during trials, and who would know? 733 00:31:06,240 --> 00:31:07,680 - The subjects are described 734 00:31:07,800 --> 00:31:10,880 as experienced professional-type agents... 735 00:31:11,000 --> 00:31:13,960 suspected of working for Soviet intelligence. 736 00:31:14,080 --> 00:31:16,880 In one case, doses of drugs and hypnosis 737 00:31:17,000 --> 00:31:19,600 induce a deep trance. 738 00:31:19,720 --> 00:31:21,880 One spy remains under for two hours 739 00:31:22,000 --> 00:31:25,120 and then completely forgets the experience. 740 00:31:25,240 --> 00:31:28,880 [Duchovny] But mastering mind control proves elusive, 741 00:31:29,000 --> 00:31:31,080 so new instruments are brought in, 742 00:31:31,200 --> 00:31:33,760 and the facility expands its operations. 743 00:31:33,880 --> 00:31:35,920 [Sami] They generate a new set of tests 744 00:31:36,040 --> 00:31:37,520 to try on their subjects, 745 00:31:37,640 --> 00:31:40,520 including exposure to gases, 746 00:31:40,640 --> 00:31:42,720 irradiation by infrared and ultraviolet light, 747 00:31:42,840 --> 00:31:44,880 pressure chambers, sonic torture, 748 00:31:45,000 --> 00:31:46,800 and dietary manipulation. 749 00:31:46,920 --> 00:31:49,480 Prisoners are often subjected to multiple combinations 750 00:31:49,600 --> 00:31:52,440 of these experiments until they can't take any more. 751 00:31:52,560 --> 00:31:56,000 [monitor flatlines] 752 00:31:56,120 --> 00:31:57,960 - Experiments at Camp King continue 753 00:31:58,080 --> 00:31:59,880 for the rest of the decade, 754 00:32:00,000 --> 00:32:02,440 when they are quietly drawn to a close. 755 00:32:02,560 --> 00:32:06,760 But the CIA's obsession with drugs and hypnosis 756 00:32:06,880 --> 00:32:08,680 is far from over. 757 00:32:08,800 --> 00:32:11,080 [Martin] The experiments with mind control 758 00:32:11,200 --> 00:32:12,920 inform the administration 759 00:32:13,040 --> 00:32:17,680 of the mother of all Cold War psychological projects... 760 00:32:17,800 --> 00:32:18,960 ♪ ♪ 761 00:32:19,080 --> 00:32:20,800 MKUltra. 762 00:32:20,920 --> 00:32:23,880 [Duchovny] In 1993, the U.S. returns Camp King 763 00:32:24,000 --> 00:32:27,320 to the German government, who build houses on the site. 764 00:32:27,440 --> 00:32:31,280 Families move in, oblivious to its gruesome history, 765 00:32:31,400 --> 00:32:32,880 until 2002, 766 00:32:33,000 --> 00:32:35,880 when German researchers uncover the full details 767 00:32:36,000 --> 00:32:38,000 of Camp King's experiments. 768 00:32:38,120 --> 00:32:39,760 ♪ ♪ 769 00:32:39,880 --> 00:32:42,680 And the new residents learn the terrifying truth 770 00:32:42,800 --> 00:32:45,480 about the place they now call home. 771 00:32:49,640 --> 00:32:51,200 - In the 1940s, 772 00:32:51,320 --> 00:32:53,200 the U.S. sets up a weapons research lab in Los Alamos 773 00:32:53,320 --> 00:32:55,200 that covers a sprawling 40 square miles. 774 00:32:55,320 --> 00:32:56,880 But the Soviets-- 775 00:32:57,000 --> 00:33:00,000 they go bigger, 75 times bigger, 776 00:33:00,120 --> 00:33:04,040 with a secret weapons facility 3,000 square miles in size. 777 00:33:04,160 --> 00:33:06,720 The question is, how do you keep that hidden? 778 00:33:06,840 --> 00:33:10,800 [dramatic music] 779 00:33:10,920 --> 00:33:12,440 [Martin] By the end of World War II, 780 00:33:12,560 --> 00:33:15,120 both the United States and the Soviet Union 781 00:33:15,240 --> 00:33:17,600 recognize that missiles will dominate 782 00:33:17,720 --> 00:33:19,040 the future battlefield. 783 00:33:19,160 --> 00:33:20,720 ♪ ♪ 784 00:33:20,840 --> 00:33:23,120 The Soviets have captured existing examples 785 00:33:23,240 --> 00:33:24,600 of the German V-2 rocket-- 786 00:33:24,720 --> 00:33:26,520 the world's first ballistic missile. 787 00:33:26,640 --> 00:33:30,520 In addition to that, they have captured German scientists. 788 00:33:30,640 --> 00:33:33,960 The Soviets want to use the V-2 rockets 789 00:33:34,080 --> 00:33:37,280 to help them develop a new missile defense system. 790 00:33:37,400 --> 00:33:38,800 [Duchovny] The problem is, 791 00:33:38,920 --> 00:33:40,760 they have nowhere to launch them. 792 00:33:40,880 --> 00:33:42,600 [Greg] They want to test these bad boys out. 793 00:33:42,720 --> 00:33:44,200 The thing is, they've got to do this 794 00:33:44,320 --> 00:33:46,240 away from the eyes of the West. 795 00:33:46,360 --> 00:33:49,920 They need something private, something secure. 796 00:33:50,040 --> 00:33:51,800 [Duchovny] In May 1946, 797 00:33:51,920 --> 00:33:54,400 Soviet command signs off the location 798 00:33:54,520 --> 00:33:56,400 of their new facility. 799 00:33:56,520 --> 00:33:58,400 And to ensure total secrecy, 800 00:33:58,520 --> 00:34:00,600 it's in one of the most isolated stretches 801 00:34:00,720 --> 00:34:02,280 of the country. 802 00:34:02,400 --> 00:34:04,560 - The Soviets choose a remote location in the south, 803 00:34:04,680 --> 00:34:07,680 in the desert, very close to the Kazakh border, 804 00:34:07,800 --> 00:34:09,680 at a place called Kapustin Yar. 805 00:34:09,800 --> 00:34:13,520 It's 600 miles from Moscow and 60 miles from the nearest town. 806 00:34:13,640 --> 00:34:14,960 ♪ ♪ 807 00:34:15,080 --> 00:34:16,960 [Duchovny] The extreme isolation 808 00:34:17,080 --> 00:34:20,440 is its major selling point and biggest problem. 809 00:34:20,560 --> 00:34:24,000 - There's no roads, no rail, no power. 810 00:34:24,120 --> 00:34:27,000 I mean, there's nothing out there but empty horizon, 811 00:34:27,120 --> 00:34:30,040 which is perfect for secrecy and volatile rocket tests, 812 00:34:30,160 --> 00:34:32,400 but it's terrible for a massive construction project 813 00:34:32,520 --> 00:34:34,000 on an ambitious deadline. 814 00:34:34,120 --> 00:34:36,000 [Greg] It's also a horrendous place to work. 815 00:34:36,120 --> 00:34:38,080 In the summer, temperatures can get 816 00:34:38,200 --> 00:34:39,800 well over 100 degrees Fahrenheit, 817 00:34:39,920 --> 00:34:42,000 and in the winter, it plummets to below freezing. 818 00:34:42,120 --> 00:34:44,000 [Duchovny] But Stalin wants rockets in the sky 819 00:34:44,120 --> 00:34:46,400 as soon as possible, so he hands the project 820 00:34:46,520 --> 00:34:48,320 to one of his finest commanders-- 821 00:34:48,440 --> 00:34:51,640 General Vasily Ivanovich Voznyuk. 822 00:34:51,760 --> 00:34:55,240 - Voznyuk is a man who thrives on the impossible. 823 00:34:55,360 --> 00:34:57,760 He's legendary for his iron will 824 00:34:57,880 --> 00:34:59,880 and genius for logistics. 825 00:35:00,000 --> 00:35:03,120 ♪ ♪ 826 00:35:03,240 --> 00:35:05,480 [Amy] Voznyuk is sent to this remote site, 827 00:35:05,600 --> 00:35:07,080 and he immediately gets to work. 828 00:35:07,200 --> 00:35:09,600 He builds a tent city to house all the workers 829 00:35:09,720 --> 00:35:11,800 and then builds roads and rail lines 830 00:35:11,920 --> 00:35:13,960 to bring in all the construction material 831 00:35:14,080 --> 00:35:16,480 they're going to need to make this base a reality. 832 00:35:16,600 --> 00:35:18,080 [Duchovny] Voznyuk's team 833 00:35:18,200 --> 00:35:20,320 may be sleeping in tents on the desert floor, 834 00:35:20,440 --> 00:35:22,200 but in just two months, 835 00:35:22,320 --> 00:35:24,440 they built a launchpad and a command center. 836 00:35:24,560 --> 00:35:27,800 The new Soviet weapons program is ready for takeoff. 837 00:35:27,920 --> 00:35:29,800 - In October of 1947, 838 00:35:29,920 --> 00:35:32,000 the secret base at Kapustin Yar 839 00:35:32,120 --> 00:35:33,960 launches its first-ever rocket-- 840 00:35:34,080 --> 00:35:36,200 a refurbished German V-2 841 00:35:36,320 --> 00:35:39,320 that flies for almost 200 kilometers. 842 00:35:39,440 --> 00:35:41,600 After that, the Kapustin Yar base 843 00:35:41,720 --> 00:35:43,160 expands rapidly. 844 00:35:43,280 --> 00:35:45,120 A new town is completed, 845 00:35:45,240 --> 00:35:48,280 and it becomes the cradle of Soviet missile development, 846 00:35:48,400 --> 00:35:51,320 all hidden from Western eyes. 847 00:35:51,440 --> 00:35:54,400 - In the Cold War, nothing remains secret forever. 848 00:35:54,520 --> 00:35:56,320 Whispers of a Soviet missile base 849 00:35:56,440 --> 00:35:58,200 send Western governments scrambling 850 00:35:58,320 --> 00:35:59,920 for photographic evidence. 851 00:36:00,040 --> 00:36:03,840 And in 1959, the British sneak across the Iron Curtain-- 852 00:36:03,960 --> 00:36:06,000 or rather, above it. 853 00:36:06,120 --> 00:36:08,320 ♪ ♪ 854 00:36:08,440 --> 00:36:12,240 - On December 6, 1959, a British pilot sets off 855 00:36:12,360 --> 00:36:13,800 towards the Soviet desert. 856 00:36:13,920 --> 00:36:15,640 [Greg] They're flying an aircraft 857 00:36:15,760 --> 00:36:18,360 that the world has never seen--the U-2. 858 00:36:18,480 --> 00:36:21,240 [Amy] The U-2 is the pinnacle in aerial espionage. 859 00:36:21,360 --> 00:36:23,400 It's designed to fly so high 860 00:36:23,520 --> 00:36:25,200 with such high-resolution cameras 861 00:36:25,320 --> 00:36:27,800 that it should be able to photograph this new site 862 00:36:27,920 --> 00:36:29,800 while staying clear out of the way 863 00:36:29,920 --> 00:36:31,760 of any possible Soviet missiles. 864 00:36:31,880 --> 00:36:33,200 ♪ ♪ 865 00:36:33,320 --> 00:36:36,320 - He passes right over Soviet territory, 866 00:36:36,440 --> 00:36:37,880 and he comes back 867 00:36:38,000 --> 00:36:40,120 with the first high-quality photographs 868 00:36:40,240 --> 00:36:43,480 of Kapustin Yar to reach the West. 869 00:36:43,600 --> 00:36:45,400 - The photos collected by the U-2 870 00:36:45,520 --> 00:36:47,280 are absolutely critical. 871 00:36:47,400 --> 00:36:48,920 They tell the Western Allies 872 00:36:49,040 --> 00:36:50,560 exactly what type of technology 873 00:36:50,680 --> 00:36:52,480 the Soviets have developed. 874 00:36:52,600 --> 00:36:55,040 They tell them exactly what type of fuel they're using, 875 00:36:55,160 --> 00:36:57,160 they tell them vital things that they need to know 876 00:36:57,280 --> 00:37:00,360 about Soviet missile technology and capability. 877 00:37:00,480 --> 00:37:02,000 ♪ ♪ 878 00:37:02,120 --> 00:37:05,320 [Duchovny] Kapustin Yar is no longer a secret... 879 00:37:05,440 --> 00:37:07,200 giving the West a vital window 880 00:37:07,320 --> 00:37:10,560 into the Soviet missile program. 881 00:37:10,680 --> 00:37:13,680 But U.S. surveillance doesn't slow down progress. 882 00:37:13,800 --> 00:37:16,240 The desert base continues its operation 883 00:37:16,360 --> 00:37:18,200 and remains the beating heart 884 00:37:18,320 --> 00:37:21,320 of Russian weapons innovations today. 885 00:37:25,440 --> 00:37:26,600 - There's a facility in Utah 886 00:37:26,720 --> 00:37:28,360 that's bigger than the Pentagon, 887 00:37:28,480 --> 00:37:30,360 with restricted access, no windows, 888 00:37:30,480 --> 00:37:31,880 and a secret objective-- 889 00:37:32,000 --> 00:37:34,600 reportedly to spy on us all. 890 00:37:34,720 --> 00:37:38,200 [dramatic music] 891 00:37:38,320 --> 00:37:39,680 - In the early 2010s, 892 00:37:39,800 --> 00:37:42,160 deep on the salt flats of Bluffdale, Utah, 893 00:37:42,280 --> 00:37:45,560 construction begins on a sprawling 240-acre complex. 894 00:37:45,680 --> 00:37:47,560 Now, this is not a secret complex. 895 00:37:47,680 --> 00:37:49,480 It can't be a secret. 896 00:37:49,600 --> 00:37:51,680 The place is over 50 times the size of the U.S. Capitol. 897 00:37:51,800 --> 00:37:54,040 Officially, this complex is known 898 00:37:54,160 --> 00:37:55,960 as the Intelligence Community 899 00:37:56,080 --> 00:37:57,520 Comprehensive National Cybersecurity 900 00:37:57,640 --> 00:37:59,040 Initiative Data Center. 901 00:37:59,160 --> 00:38:01,840 Locals just call it the "Utah Data Center." 902 00:38:01,960 --> 00:38:05,440 - This giant complex is a National Security Agency site 903 00:38:05,560 --> 00:38:06,760 for cyber defense. 904 00:38:06,880 --> 00:38:08,840 Today surveillance, sabotage, 905 00:38:08,960 --> 00:38:11,640 and even terrorist attacks can be carried out remotely. 906 00:38:11,760 --> 00:38:13,560 The NSA says the Utah Data Center 907 00:38:13,680 --> 00:38:17,160 is designed to protect everyday Americans from cyberattacks. 908 00:38:17,280 --> 00:38:19,360 [Duchovny] The latest sprawling data facility 909 00:38:19,480 --> 00:38:20,960 barely makes the headlines, 910 00:38:21,080 --> 00:38:23,480 which might be just what the NSA wants, 911 00:38:23,600 --> 00:38:25,560 until journalists begin to question 912 00:38:25,680 --> 00:38:28,600 the unprecedented scale of the site. 913 00:38:28,720 --> 00:38:30,360 - At the heart of the construction, 914 00:38:30,480 --> 00:38:32,320 four vast data halls are being built, 915 00:38:32,440 --> 00:38:35,560 each 25,000 square feet. 916 00:38:35,680 --> 00:38:36,760 These will be filled 917 00:38:36,880 --> 00:38:38,160 with cutting-edge computer 918 00:38:38,280 --> 00:38:39,640 servers and hardware 919 00:38:39,760 --> 00:38:43,400 that will devour 65 megawatts of power. 920 00:38:43,520 --> 00:38:45,560 - It will come with an electricity bill 921 00:38:45,680 --> 00:38:48,760 of $40 million a year, 922 00:38:48,880 --> 00:38:50,960 and keeping those servers from overheating 923 00:38:51,080 --> 00:38:55,840 requires 1.7 million gallons of water every day. 924 00:38:55,960 --> 00:38:58,160 [Duchovny] It's a technological marvel 925 00:38:58,280 --> 00:39:01,040 that you can't see without top-level clearance. 926 00:39:01,160 --> 00:39:03,320 - Security is fortress level, 927 00:39:03,440 --> 00:39:06,760 with biometric access, 24-7 surveillance, 928 00:39:06,880 --> 00:39:09,960 and barriers that can stop a 15,000-pound truck 929 00:39:10,080 --> 00:39:12,280 moving at 50 miles per hour. 930 00:39:12,400 --> 00:39:14,560 [Duchovny] So why all the secrecy? 931 00:39:14,680 --> 00:39:16,760 [Sasha] When journalists crunch the numbers, 932 00:39:16,880 --> 00:39:19,160 they realize that the Utah Data Center 933 00:39:19,280 --> 00:39:22,800 can store an unimaginable amount of data. 934 00:39:22,920 --> 00:39:24,960 Some estimate it's yottabytes-- 935 00:39:25,080 --> 00:39:26,840 a trillion terabytes. 936 00:39:26,960 --> 00:39:28,920 [Duchovny] To put that into context, 937 00:39:29,040 --> 00:39:32,040 that's the equivalent of 2 trillion laptops. 938 00:39:32,160 --> 00:39:34,360 - This site could hold more information 939 00:39:34,480 --> 00:39:36,080 than we ever thought possible 940 00:39:36,200 --> 00:39:39,000 and still have space for more. 941 00:39:39,120 --> 00:39:40,920 [Duchovny] It begs the question-- 942 00:39:41,040 --> 00:39:45,120 what exactly is the NSA going to store on those servers? 943 00:39:45,240 --> 00:39:47,680 In 2012, journalists for "The New York Times" 944 00:39:47,800 --> 00:39:49,360 pick up the trail, 945 00:39:49,480 --> 00:39:51,800 when a retired NSA technical director 946 00:39:51,920 --> 00:39:55,000 named William Binney steps out of the shadows 947 00:39:55,120 --> 00:39:57,200 and blows the whistle. 948 00:39:57,320 --> 00:39:59,760 [Amy] In the late 90s, Binney created a program 949 00:39:59,880 --> 00:40:01,200 called ThinThread 950 00:40:01,320 --> 00:40:02,960 that searched everything on the Internet 951 00:40:03,080 --> 00:40:05,120 for anything that was potentially harmful, 952 00:40:05,240 --> 00:40:07,600 like terrorist attacks or any other security attacks. 953 00:40:07,720 --> 00:40:09,760 [Sami] His program protects the privacy 954 00:40:09,880 --> 00:40:12,680 of innocent civilians by encrypting anything 955 00:40:12,800 --> 00:40:14,160 that isn't suspicious, 956 00:40:14,280 --> 00:40:16,320 while honing in on potential bad guys. 957 00:40:16,440 --> 00:40:19,160 - Binney claims that after 9/11, 958 00:40:19,280 --> 00:40:21,360 the safeguards were removed 959 00:40:21,480 --> 00:40:23,760 and parts of ThinThread were used 960 00:40:23,880 --> 00:40:26,360 in a sweeping surveillance program 961 00:40:26,480 --> 00:40:28,880 on all U.S. citizens. 962 00:40:29,000 --> 00:40:30,760 [Duchovny] In August 2012, 963 00:40:30,880 --> 00:40:34,120 "The New York Times" publishes Binney's revelations. 964 00:40:34,240 --> 00:40:35,560 ♪ ♪ 965 00:40:35,680 --> 00:40:38,160 - He contends that the Utah Data Center 966 00:40:38,280 --> 00:40:41,520 is part of a massive government effort 967 00:40:41,640 --> 00:40:45,320 to store troves of data collected on Americans 968 00:40:45,440 --> 00:40:48,640 without warrants and against the Constitution. 969 00:40:48,760 --> 00:40:50,680 [keys clacking] 970 00:40:50,800 --> 00:40:52,480 [Duchovny] According to Binney, 971 00:40:52,600 --> 00:40:55,840 every message you send is recorded, saved, 972 00:40:55,960 --> 00:40:59,880 and stored at places like the Utah Data Center. 973 00:41:00,000 --> 00:41:03,280 - Allegedly, it's the last part of the NSA's mission 974 00:41:03,400 --> 00:41:05,560 to own every digital communication 975 00:41:05,680 --> 00:41:06,840 without oversight 976 00:41:06,960 --> 00:41:09,040 and be accessed by NSA analysts 977 00:41:09,160 --> 00:41:11,000 all over the country. 978 00:41:11,120 --> 00:41:13,360 [Duchovny] The secret activity in those immense data halls 979 00:41:13,480 --> 00:41:15,360 remains highly controversial. 980 00:41:15,480 --> 00:41:17,760 To its supporters, it plays a vital role 981 00:41:17,880 --> 00:41:20,120 in keeping the country safe. 982 00:41:20,240 --> 00:41:24,000 To its detractors, it's the real-world embodiment 983 00:41:24,120 --> 00:41:25,480 of Big Brother. 984 00:41:25,600 --> 00:41:26,920 ♪ ♪ 985 00:41:27,040 --> 00:41:28,960 From impenetrable bunkers 986 00:41:29,080 --> 00:41:31,240 to high-security science labs, 987 00:41:31,360 --> 00:41:34,160 governments perform their most covert activities 988 00:41:34,280 --> 00:41:37,840 behind gates and fences in top secret sites. 989 00:41:37,960 --> 00:41:40,800 But no door stays locked forever. 990 00:41:40,920 --> 00:41:43,160 And the truth gets out in the end. 991 00:41:43,280 --> 00:41:44,800 ♪ ♪